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Beijing Summer Investigation
Summer Investigation on Beijing’s
Residential Buildings
OUTLINE
- Goal of the investigation
General conditions of Chinese residential buildings
at present
Indoor environment difference between different
buildings
Available natural ventilation
Investigation on 100 residential buildings
in Beijing Building choice Questionnaire and data collection
Thermal comfort analysis Indoor temperature
difference analysis Natural ventilation analysis Psychological investigation
on air conditioning
Technology improvement Building policy research
Building choice:
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Factors
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Conditions
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Area (education degree)
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Tsinghua university, 41 apartments
Shijingshan District , 42 apartments
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Building form
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High rise, 10% Building, 20% apartment
Low rise, remaining
Building forms, ratio of length to width
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Building and population density
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The density of the building group
The height of surrounding buildings
The market condition around the investigated building
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Vegetation
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The ratio of green land area to building area
The degree of thickness and height of the green land
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Built time
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1972-1997, mainly in 1980s
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Apartment location
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Level: first, middle or the top floor
Window and wall’s directions of the investigated room
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Note: almost all the apartments are NOT equipped with
air conditioning. Even in the apartments with air conditioners,
the measured datalogs were put in the non-conditioned room.
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Questionnaire
Part1. Physical condition investigation
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Built time
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Levels of the building
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Level of the investigated apartment
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Height of the apartment
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Sizes of windows
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Sizes of doors
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Forms and materials of windows
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Forms and materials of doors
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The colors and materials of curtains
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Have balcony or not, sealed or not
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The direction of the investigated room
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Apartment’s plan (attach drawing)
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Building density nearby
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Vegetation nearby
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Distance to the nearest market
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Work Watt and used hours of the electric machines inside
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Are there some kinds of available natural ventilation?
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Use detector to get something about direction of natural
flows
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Put the datalog in apartment to record the indoor temperature
during one month
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Part2. Questionnaire for the occupants
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Ages and sex of all members in family
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How long have they stayed in Beijing
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Time regularity for the occupants to stay at home
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If they have air conditioning in offices
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How do occupants think about the temperature, humidity and
air quality of their apartments during the period of their
living
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What kinds of adaptive methods do occupants adopt to improve
their comfort indoors in summer including adjusting apartment
characteristics and occupants themselves
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If they want to buy air conditioner, if no, please explain
the reasons
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Investigation results
- Thermal comfort
- Occupants have more tolerance to the high
indoor temperature. 80% occupants think the thermal environment
still acceptable as the temperature rising up to 30C.
- 90% of apartments investigated have at least
one fan, of which 31.6% occupants often turn on their fans when
at home.
- Occupants have many effective self-conditioning
methods.
- Indoor temperature difference
- The difference in level has the greatest
effect on indoor temperature in buildings investigated. The max
indoor temperature difference between the top floor and the first
floor in some certain building is 4 C. The difference is much
smaller between apartments both in middle of the building.
- The difference between east and west apartments
is not as obvious as that between top and ground floor. Most occupants
living in west apartment have good methods to protect their indoor
environment from overheating.
- In many cases, the factors leading to the
differences are so complicated that it is difficult to say what
factors are the main reasons for the differences.
- Natural ventilation
- Most residential buildings investigated have
south-north directions.
- Near 80% occupants are satisfied with their
apartments’ natural ventilation, especially in high rise
buildings.
- An apartment’s plan and the number and
locations of openings have large effects on natural ventilation
result. The apartment with suitable openings in both south and
north side is optimal.
- Psychological investigation on air conditioning
- In non-conditioned apartments, 70% occupants
are satisfied with their thermal environment, 40% dislike air-conditioned
environment.
- 400 questionnaires were sent to gather opinions
from people with air-conditioners in their apartments and without.
The analysis for this part has not been finished.
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